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Note on scrap of paper: "932 for record. With _239 of the land code (28 U.S.C., Sec 346) it is ordered that the entire record in this case be certified _ to this court so that the whole matter in controversy may be considered by the court. The case is assigned for arg. _ed. fol. _ot. added, sanctioned, or permitted by his carelessness or negligence!" ; Handwritten note on scrap of paper; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California Records--Case Files, 1934-1993--Endo, Mitsuye, 1942-1944, MS 3580-1127; California Historical Society.

Report with details about a study by a lawyers committee of "matters triable under the Resolution" by the [ACLU] Board, which allowed for "any question other than a direct attack upon the power of the President or the military commanders to set up military zones and remove citizens." ; Report on Lawyers Committee to Study Evacuation Cases; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California Records--Case Files, 1934-1993--Endo, Mitsuye, 1942-1944, MS 3580-1127; California Historical Society.

Memo from Jackson H. Ralston to Ernest Besig regarding payment of a bill from the Supreme Court for the cost in the Gordon Hirabayashi case. ; Memo from Judge Jackson H. Ralston to Ernest Besig, Director, American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California, August 9, 1943; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California Records--Case Files, 1934-1993--Endo, Mitsuye, 1942-1944, MS 3580-1127; California Historical Society.

Report on study by a lawyers committee "to determine what questions should be raised in the cases testing the evacuation of Japanese American citizens under the West Coast evacuation orders." ; Supplementary report on Lawyers Committee to Study Evacuation Cases; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California Records--Case Files, 1934-1993--Endo, Mitsuye, 1942-1944, MS 3580-1127; California Historical Society.

Note from Hubert Phillips to Ernest Besig: "Mr. Besig: Here is another dollar to be added to the amount formerly sent to used in connection with the Endo case. H. Phillips." Added below: "Credit Mrs. John Hoien Fowler $1.00 check encased Am. Civ. Lib. Union. Hastily _ Kellogg." ; Note from Hubert Phillips to Ernest Besig, Director, American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California Records--Case Files, 1934-1993--Endo, Mitsuye, 1942-1944, MS 3580-1127; California Historical Society.

Memo from Jackson H. Ralston to Ernest Besig regarding a bill from Supreme Court clerk for the cost in the Gordon Hirabayashi case. Ralston writes "to save time am forwarding my check." Hirabayashi is misspelled "Hirabayaski." Memo from Besig to Ralston on verso: "My dear Judge Ralston, Please excuse the delay in returning the money you advanced in the Hirabayashi case. I did not abscond with the A.C.L.U. fortune and then change my mind; I was merely on a vacation. I'm sorry you weren't at the last meeting. We really could have used your wisdom, because the problem was a tough one. Lacking your help, we did the best we could and hope you'll approve. I'll look forward to seeing you at the next meeting." ; Memo from Judge Jackson H. Ralston to Ernest Besig, Director, American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California, August 9, 1943; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California Records--Case Files, 1934-1993--Endo, Mitsuye, 1942-1944, MS 3580-1127; California Historical Society.

Resistance and Change in World Politics -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Abbreviation and Acronyms -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Approaching International Dissidence: Concepts, Cases, and Causes -- Conceptual and Terminological Considerations -- International Order -- Types of Resistance -- Opposition -- Dissidence -- The Two Trajectories of Dissidence: Dissidence by Ascription and Dissidence by Choice -- Research Design and Case Selection -- The Case Studies -- Explaining Dissidence and its Outcomes -- Causes of Ascription/Self-Description as Dissident -- Interest-Based Causes -- Identity-Related Causes -- Norm-Related Causes -- Self-Perpetuating Dynamics -- Causes of the Success or Failure of Dissidence -- Features of the Normative Context -- Norm Characteristics -- Type of Norm Conflict -- Features of the Normative Frame of Reference/Institutional Setting -- Actor Characteristics and Strategies -- Characteristics -- Strategies and Behaviour -- Escalation or Exit -- Alliance-Building -- Framing -- Consistency -- External Developments and Technological Progress -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Health Before Patents: Challenging the Primacy of Intellectual Property Rights -- Object and Course of the Conflict -- From the Establishment of a Liberal Order to its Norm-Based Contestation -- The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights -- The Norm-Based Challenge to the TRIPS IP Protection Regime -- From Delegitimisation to the Reversal of the Norm Hierarchy -- The Refusal to Recognise Divergent Normative Conceptions and the Delegitimisation of Practices Deriving from them -- Recognition, Transformation of the Order, and Reversal of the Norm Hierarchy -- Explaining the Reversal of the Norm Hierarchy -- Norm-Related Causes -- Characteristics and Strategies of Actors in the Conflict

AbstractHow does the Rule of Four affect Supreme Court decisions? We show two effects of changing a "hearing pivot" justice who is decisive for case selection. First, a court with more extreme hearing pivots will hear cases with more moderate precedents. For example, as the conservative hearing pivot becomes more extreme, the court hears a broader range of cases with liberal status quo precedents. Second, more extreme hearing pivots shrink dispositional majorities and lead to more polarized rulings. If the median justice becomes more extreme without changing the hearing pivots, then rulings are more extreme. The effect on the range of cases heard, however, is smaller than that from changing hearing pivots. Finally, we show that case selection can also depend on non-median, non-hearing-pivot justices. Replacing an extreme justice with someone even more extreme can lead to a smaller set of heard cases, as final rulings can shift away from the binding hearing pivot, making status quo precedents more appealing.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- A. The Fuller Court (1888 – 1910) -- 1. Botiller v. Dominguez (1889), Mexican Land Grants, and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo -- B. The Taft Court (1921– 1930) -- 2. Balzac v. Porto [sic] Rico (1922), the Insular Cases (1901), and Puerto Rico's Status in the American Legal System -- C. The Warren Court (1953 – 1969) -- 3. Hernandez v. Texas (1954) and the Exclusion of Mexican-Americans from Grand Juries -- 4. Katzenbach v. Morgan (1966) and Voting Rights of Puerto Ricans with Limited English Proficiency -- 5. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) and the Rights of the Criminally Accused -- D. The Burger Court (1969 – 1986) -- 6. San Antonio ISD v. Rodriguez (1973) and the Search for Equality in School Funding -- 7. Espinoza v. Farah Mfg. Co. (1973) and "National Origin" Discrimination in Employment -- 8. United States v. Brignoni-Ponce (1975), Law and Order on the Border -- 9. Plyler v. Doe (1982) and Educating Children of Illegal Aliens -- E. The Rehnquist Court (1986 – 2005) -- 10. INS v. Cardoza-Fonseca (1987), Refugees, and Political Asylum -- 11. U.S. v. Verdugo-Urquidez (1990) and Limits to the Applicability of the Bill of Rights Geographically and as to Only "The People" -- 12. Hernandez v. New York (1991) and the Exclusion of Bilingual Jurors -- 13. Johnson v. DeGrandy (1994), Cuban-Americans, and Voting Rights in the American Legal System -- 14. Alexander v. Sandoval (2001), Title VI, and the Court's Refusal to Consider the Validity of English-Only Laws or Rules -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- List of Cases -- Cases Mentioned -- General Index